Explain the essential elements of a valid contract.
A valid contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that meets all necessary legal requirements. A valid contract must contain several essential elements to be legally enforceable. These elements include:
Offer :–
Offer:- One party must make a clear, definite, and specific offer to enter into an agreement. An offer is clear and definite offer made by one party( the offeror) to another party( the offeree) with the intention of forming a fairly binding agreement once accepted.An offer is a clear and definite offer made by one party( the offeror) to another party( the offeree) with the intention of forming a fairly binding agreement formerly accepted. Essential elements of valid contract
Acceptance
Acceptance – The other party must accept the offer unconditionally, agreeing to its terms. Under the Contract Act, acceptance refers to an unconditional agreement regarding the terms of the offer that leads to the formation of a binding contract. For acceptance to be legally valid, it must meet the following criteria: Essential elements of valid contract. Know more solved questions on weeklypoetry.com
Consideration
Consideration – Value of these things as (money, goods, services, or promises) must be exchanged between the parties. According to the Contract Act, an examination refers to something worthy of being exchanged for a contract between the parties. This is the fundamental element that makes contracts legally enforceable. Consideration can take various forms, such as money, goods, services, promises, or forbearance (agreeing not to do something). Essential elements of valid contract
Intention to Create Legal Relations
Intention to Create Legal Relations:- The parties must intend to ensure that the agreement is legally binding. The intent to create a legal relationship is a fundamental principle of contract law, which refers to the intention of the parties to enter into a binding agreement. Without this intent, the contract cannot be enforceable as a contract, even if it is supported by an offer, acceptance, or examination.
Capacity
Capacity – The parties must have the legal ability to enter into a contract (e.g., they must be of legal age and sound mind). In contract law, capacity refers to a person’s legal ability to enter into a binding contract. The contract will only be enforced if all involved have the legal capacity to agree to its terms.
Legality of Object
Legality of Object – The purpose of the contract must be legal; agreements involving illegal activities are not enforceable. The Legality of Object in contract law refers to the requirement that the subject matter of a contract must be lawful for the contract to be enforceable. If the purpose or object of a contract is illegal or towards the public policy, the contract is void and unenforceable then. Essential elements of valid contract
Certainty and Possibility of Performance
Certainty and Possibility of Performance – The contract terms must be clear, definite, and possible to fulfill. Certainty and Possibility of Performance in Contract Law For a contract to be legally enforceable, its terms must be certain and capable of being performed. If a contract lacks clarity or is impossible to fulfill, it may be deemed void.
Free Consent
Free Consent – The agreement must be made without coercion, undue influence, fraud, or misrepresentation. Free Consent in Contract Law Free consent is an essential requirement for a valid contract. It means that all parties must voluntarily agree to the contract’s terms without coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. If consent is not free, the contract may be voidable at the option of the affected party. Essential elements of valid contract
Conclusion:- Conclusion:- If any of these elements are missing, the contract may be void, voidable, or unenforceable in a court of law. So these elements are compulsory for making a valid contract during the agreement process. You can che check your syllabus on the official website of Gndu for commercial law.
Price elasticity of demand denotes the ratio at which the demand contracts with the rise in price and extends with a fall in price. So there is an inverse relationship between price and demand of a good. Price elasticity of demand is represented with the minus (–) Sign. It can be understand with the help of following formula.
Example :- Rise in price by 10 percent is followed by a decrease in demand by 20 percent. Measures of price elasticity of demand
Definition of Price Elasticity of Demand
By Dr. Marshall, “Elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in the price”. Measures of price elasticity of demand
Degrees of Price Elasticity of Demand
Price elasticity of demand is for all goods, at different prices are not always the same for always. It may be more or less. So in economics, the study of the concept of elasticity of demand is divided into five degrees. Which are the following.
(1). Perfectly Elastic
(2). Perfectly Inelastic
(3). Unit Elastic
(4). More than unit Elastic
(5). Less than unit Elastic
(1). Perfectly Elastic Demand:- A perfectly elastic demand is that due to which a little change in price will cause an infinite change in demand. As a little price rise causes demand to fall in demand to zero and a little fall in price causes an infinite demand for goods. So under Perfect Competition, the demand curve of firms is perfectly elastic. Measures of price elasticity of demand
DD Represents a perfectly elastic demand curve. As it is parallel to the OX- axis. As if prices rise a little from 4 to 5 then demand goes on zero. And at the same price 4 a consumer can buy 10 units or 30 units as many units as he desires.
(2). Perfectly Inelastic Demand:- A perfectly inelastic demand is one which a change in price causes no change in demand is called inelastic demand. Such a type of demand is concerned with the essential things of life such as salt, sugar, clothes and flour. Measures of price elasticity of demand
When price is 0 to 2, 0 to 4 and 0 to 6 but demand remains constant at all prices is called perfectly inelastic demand. Measures of price elasticity of demand
(3). Unitary Elastic Demand:- Unitary Elastic demand is that which shows an equal percentage change in demand with the same percent change in price of a good is called unitary Elastic Demand.Example- A 10% change in price rise of a good then the same 10% of the demand will decline of the same good whose demand rises. And Reverse this. Measures of price elasticity of demand
In the graph we can see that price goes up OT to OP then at the same time demand declines ON to OM at the same percentage 10%.
(4). Greater than Unitary Elastic:- It is a demand in which a greater change in demand caused a less price decline. Example if price falls 5% then demand increases by 20% and reverse this. In other words if the price rises a little but compared to it demand will decline more percentage as compared to rise price. Measures of price elasticity of demand
As we see in the graph that price goes down from OP to OT by 5%. But Demand goes up by 20% is called the Greater than Unitary elastic demand.
(5). Less than Unitary Elastic demand:- it is that demand of goods which percentage demand responses less than the price more is called Less than Unitary Elastic demand.Example:- When price falls by 5 percent accompanied by 3 percent extends a demand of a good. Measures of price elasticity of demand
When price falls more than a percentage than demand goes on it is called less than unitary demand. Measures of price elasticity of demand
Measurement of Price Elasticity of Demand
There are five methods of measurement of price elasticity of demand. Which are as.
Total Expenditure Method
Proportionate Method
Point Elasticity Method
Arc Elasticity Method
Revenue Method
(1). Total Expenditure Method:- This method was developed by Dr. Marshall. This method tells us how much and in what direction the total expenditure has changed as a result of a change in the price of a good. This method shows us three stages of expenditure due to the change in price as follows.
Unity Elasticity Demand:- When the total expenditure remains constant due to the fall or rise in the price of a good.
Greater than Unity Elastic Demand:- When total expenditure rises due to the price fall. And total expenditure goes down due to the price rise of a good.
Less than a Unity Elastic Demand:- When total expenditure goes down due to the fall in price of a good. And reverse Total expenditure goes up due to the rise in price of a good.
Now, we can understand this total expenditure with the change in price with the following example.
Elasticity of Demand
Price
Total Expenditure
Unity
Rise
Fall
Unchanged
Unchanged
Greater than Unity
Rise
Fall
Down
Up
Less than Unity
Rise
Fall
Up
Down
(2). Proportionate Method:- This is the second method of price elasticity method. Which shows proportionate change in demand is divided by the proportionate change in price. This can be understood with the following formula.
Ed= (-) Proportionate change in demand for good -x
Proportionate change in price of a good -x
(3). Point Elasticity Method:- This method can be measured with the help of demand curve. Which shows change in demand with the changes in price change. As at every point of price it shows different demand. So such changes of price denote different demands of the same good for which price has been changed. All these points are different prices as well as different demand due to the change in price level of the same good.
Example throughout the graph we can understand as at point A, price elasticity of demand where op is a price and oq is a quantity demanded. Another point C, where Op1 is the price for the same good and OQ1 is a quantity demanded for the same good. Measures of price elasticity of demand
(4). Arc Elasticity:- arc elasticity method can be used when a little change occurs in price as well as little change in demand. It can be understood with the following graph arc.
There are three as A, B and C demand points on the demand curve.
When we see points A and B where the price OP and Demand at OQ on the point A of Demand Curve.
But when price falls a little from OP to OP1 in results of which demand also rises a little by OQ to OQ1.
And the same occurred on the point C, where we can see when Price rises from the OP2 to OP1 then demand falls a little from OQ2 to OQ1.
So we find in the graph the Arc between the two points as A and C.
So, Price elasticity of demand of an arc is called arc Elasticity of Demand.
(5). Revenue Method
This is the fifth method of price elasticity of method. Revenue is earned by the firm by selling its products. Assume that a firm sells 10 products and the firm gets 50 rupee as a revenue. This is called total revenue of the firm as 50 rupees. When we divide total revenue by the number of total sold units we get the average revenue. When we divide 50 rupees by 10 units of products, we get the average here =5. Measures of price elasticity of demand
If firms sell 11 products and total revenue goes up with the firm as 55. Now we can find the marginal revenue is 55-50 = 5.
Marginal Revenue = 5
So the price of elasticity under the Revenue Method is measured with the help of Marginal revenue. Measures of price elasticity of demand
Revenue has been shown on OY -axis and quantity demanded on OX-axis. AB is average revenue and Demand Curve and AN is marginal Revenue Curve. At point P on (Average Revenue) demand Curve. You can check the syllabus of Business Economics on the official website Gndu.
Conclusion:-
Price elasticity of demand (PED) is a crucial concept in economics that measures how the quantity demanded of a good or service responds to changes in its price. Goods with elastic demand experience significant changes in quantity demanded when prices fluctuate, while inelastic goods show little responsiveness to price changes. Measures of price elasticity of demand
Understanding price elasticity helps businesses and policymakers make informed decisions regarding pricing strategies, taxation, and revenue generation. Firms can use this concept to maximize profits by adjusting prices based on consumer sensitivity, while governments can predict the impact of taxes on goods and services.
In conclusion, price elasticity of demand is an essential tool for analyzing market behavior. It provides insights into consumer purchasing patterns, assists in strategic decision-making, and helps in predicting the economic impact of price changes on different products and industries. Measures of price elasticity of demand
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Meaning of cost:- Cost means price paid for something. But in the management terminology, Cost refers to the expenditure not a price. Thus cost represents a sacrifice of values for attaining
something.Definition According to the cost and management accountants, London, As “The amount of expenditure incurred on a given thing”.Example:- For Manufacturing of Clothes, The expenditure incurred on purchase of cotton, wages paid to weavers, salary paid to factory manager, supervisor and Depreciation of machinery in factories are the example of Cost items.
Meaning of Costing:- Costing is the method of ascertaining the cost of operations of manufacturing goods and services in the industry. Definition of Costing According to Weldon:- Cost is the recording, allocation and classifying the expenditure for the determination of costs of products or servic
However, there are different methods for ascertaining cost in different industries based on the nature of operations.Cost Accountancy :- Cost Accountancy is the application of principles of methods and techniques of costing and cost accounting. It is the art and science through which a cost accountant practices to have cost control and cost ascertainment. It contains the presentation of information for the purpose of managerial decision making.Scope of Cost Accountancy :- The scope of cost accountancy is wide and includes the following. What do you mean by cost accounting• Cost Ascertainment• Cost Accounting• Cost Control• Cost AuditNow let\’s study the question: what do you mean by Cost Accounting? COST ACCOUNTINGCost Accounting:- Cost Accounting is the process of accounting to record the costs of operations of the business in order to ascertain the total cost and per unit cost of services and products. Cost accounting is helpful to the management where a company is spending its money. How much money is being lost to earning.Cost accounting is useful for cost control and improving the efficiency of management. What do you mean by cost accountingDefinition According to the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants as “The techniques and process of ascertaining costs”. Cost accounting involves the recording of costs for the purpose of ascertaining and controlling the costs of products and services.In other words:- Cost accounting is the process of recording, classifying and analysing the expenditure for the purpose of product costing or service costing. So it is useful for ascertaining profitability planning and cost control.There are some costing methods like Budgeting, Standard Costing, Marginal costing and Material control techniques that are widely used by many businesses these days.Definition according to the Gordon, Cost Accounting is defined as “The body of concepts, methods and procedure used to measure, analyse, estimate the costs, profitability and performance of individual, products, departments and other segments of a company operations for internal and external use or both, and report to the externally interested parties”.This definition is simple which covers all important features of the cost Accounting system.However, These three terms as “ Costing”, “Cost Accounting”, “Cost Accountancy” are different from each other. Which are considered different by various authorities of cost accountants.
Features of Cost AccountingThe main features of cost accounting are as following
1. Cost accounting is the special branch of accounting which deals with the ascertainment of cost of products and services.
2. Cost Accounting is both Art and Science
.3. Cost Accounting also follows a double entry system like Financial Accounting.
4. Costs Accounting involves mainly recording, classification, analysis and ascertainment of costs.
5. Cost Accounting determines cost as total cost and per unit cost.
6. Cost Accounting provides appropriate data for determining the selling price of products and services as well as determining the quotation price and tender price.
7. Cost Account provides essential data for the purpose of exercising effective control over costs.
8. It provides data to the management for use in forward planning and decision making processes.
9. Cost control provides many techniques to the management for the controlling material in the business.
10. Cost accounts are used for making the budget for decreasing costs of products and services.
Now, we can understand the concept of cost accounting and the questions: what do you mean by cost accounting? And importance concerned with the business for ascertaining and controlling the costs. What do you mean by cost accountingconclusion:- Cost Accounting deals with the recording, classification and ascertaining costs for different products, processes, segments, centres and services of the business. Which represents total cost and per unit cost for the purpose of controlling costs as per desired target. It is also helpful to determine the appropriate price for selling products in the market. What do you mean by cost accountingThere is one more important question concerned with the cost accounting as follows. What are the 4 types of costs? When you are tired on the way to study you can read stunning love poetry as per your interest for the purpose of refreshing your mind. What do you mean by cost accountingWhat do you mean by cost accounting
Madame oreille how get claim from umbrella company
How does Mrs. Oreille succeed in getting the claim from the insurance Company.
Mrs. Oreille went to the office of insurance company. ਸ਼੍ਰੀਮਤੀ ਓਰੀਲੀ ਬੀਮਾ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਦੇ ਦਫਤਰ ਗਈ।
She met the manager of the insurance company. ਉਹ ਬੀਮਾ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਦੇ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਨੂੰ ਮਿਲੀ।
She informed that she had taken policy from your company for the umbrella. ਉਸਨੇ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਕਿ ਉਸਨੇ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਲਈ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਤੋਂ ਪਾਲਿਸੀ ਲਈ ਸੀ।
And whose umbrella cost 20 francs. ਅਤੇ ਜਿਸਦੀ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਦੀ ਕੀਮਤ 20 ਫ੍ਰੈਂਕ ਹੈ।Madame oreille how get claim from umbrella company
So this umbrella has been burnt and she wanted compensation. ਇਸ ਲਈ ਇਹ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਸੜ ਗਈ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਹ ਮੁਆਵਜ਼ਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦੀ ਸੀ।
Thus, by listen all this manager felt puzzled. ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ, ਇਹ ਸਭ ਸੁਣ ਕੇ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਹੈਰਾਨ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ।
Manager said that company does not deal with such petty things. ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਅਜਿਹੀਆਂ ਛੋਟੀਆਂ-ਮੋਟੀਆਂ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਨਿਪਟਦੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ।
So they could not do the repairs of this kind. ਇਸ ਲਈ ਉਹ ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਮੁਰੰਮਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਸਨ।Madame oreille how get claim from umbrella company
But Madame Oreille told that she would get it recovered if the company paid the bill. ਪਰ ਮੈਡਮ ਓਰੀਲੇ ਨੇ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਕਿ ਜੇਕਰ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਬਿੱਲ ਅਦਾ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਉਹ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਵਸੂਲੀ ਕਰਵਾ ਲਵੇਗੀ।
Again the manager says that the company does not pay compensation for such a small accident. ਫੇਰ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਦਾ ਕਹਿਣਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਇੰਨੇ ਛੋਟੇ ਹਾਦਸੇ ਦਾ ਮੁਆਵਜ਼ਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਦਿੰਦੀ।
Because the company should not be expected to replace handkerchiefs, gloves, old slippers and umbrellas. ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਤੋਂ ਰੁਮਾਲ, ਦਸਤਾਨੇ, ਪੁਰਾਣੀਆਂ ਚੱਪਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਛਤਰੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲਣ ਦੀ ਉਮੀਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰਨੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ।
However, Madame Oreille argued that last month they had a chimney on fire. ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ, ਮੈਡਮ ਓਰੇਲੀ ਨੇ ਦਲੀਲ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਕਿ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਮਹੀਨੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਚਿਮਨੀ ਨੂੰ ਅੱਗ ਲੱਗੀ ਸੀ।
It cost them 500 francs to repair. ਇਸਦੀ ਮੁਰੰਮਤ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ 500 ਫਰੈਂਕ ਦਾ ਖਰਚਾ ਆਇਆ।
But her husband never asked to the company for any compensation. ਪਰ ਉਸਦੇ ਪਤੀ ਨੇ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਤੋਂ ਕੋਈ ਮੁਆਵਜ਼ਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਮੰਗਿਆ।
The manager felt surprised that her husband did not claim any compensation for 500 francs. ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਨੂੰ ਹੈਰਾਨੀ ਹੋਈ ਕਿ ਉਸਦੇ ਪਤੀ ਨੇ 500 ਫਰੈਂਕ ਲਈ ਕੋਈ ਮੁਆਵਜ਼ਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਮੰਗਿਆ।
Then the manager feels that it is not easy for him to send away the lady without compensation. ਫਿਰ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਨੂੰ ਲੱਗਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਸ ਲਈ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਮੁਆਵਜ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਉਸ ਔਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਵਿਦਾ ਕਰਨਾ ਆਸਾਨ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ।
So he asked the lady to explain the circumstances leading to the burning of the umbrella. ਇਸ ਲਈ ਉਸਨੇ ਔਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਨੂੰ ਸਾੜਨ ਦੇ ਕਾਰਨਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਦੱਸਣ ਲਈ ਕਿਹਾ।
Mrs. Oreille explained a false story concerned with the burned umbrella. ਸ਼੍ਰੀਮਤੀ ਓਰੇਲੀ ਨੇ ਸੜੀ ਹੋਈ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਇੱਕ ਝੂਠੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਵਿਆਖਿਆ ਕੀਤੀ।
Then the manager had no way out. ਉਦੋਂ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਕੋਲ ਕੋਈ ਰਸਤਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ।Madame oreille how get claim from umbrella company
He got ready to pay the burning cost of the umbrella to the lady to recover. ਉਹ ਔਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਛਤਰੀ ਦੀ ਸੜਦੀ ਕੀਮਤ ਚੁਕਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਤਿਆਰ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ।
Then he instructed the cashier to pay Mrs. Oreille. ਫਿਰ ਉਸਨੇ ਕੈਸ਼ੀਅਰ ਨੂੰ ਮਿਸਿਜ਼ ਓਰੀਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਭੁਗਤਾਨ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਹਦਾਇਤ ਕੀਤੀ।
However, you can read more questions concerning the umbrella story.
How did Madame Oreille get compensation from the insurance company?Madame oreille how get claim from umbrella company
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So everybody can learn properly by reading such questions as they are required. If you love your friends then you must share such readymade questions. Madame oreille how get claim from umbrella company
Madame oreille how get claim from umbrella company
This theme of the story is based on the miserly woman. ਕਹਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਇਹ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਕੰਜੂਸ ਔਰਤ ‘ਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਹੈ।
Who is the heroine of the story as Madame Oreille. ਜੋ ਮੈਡਮ ਓਰੇਲੀ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਹਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਨਾਇਕਾ ਹੈ।
She knows the value of even the smallest coin. ਉਹ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਛੋਟੇ ਸਿੱਕੇ ਦੀ ਕੀਮਤ ਵੀ ਜਾਣਦੀ ਹੈ।
She doesn’t like to spend even on the necessities. ਉਹ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਖਰਚ ਕਰਨਾ ਵੀ ਪਸੰਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰਦੀ।
So the theme is developed through the stingy woman. ਇਸ ਲਈ ਥੀਮ ਨੂੰ ਕੰਜੂਸ ਔਰਤ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਵਿਕਸਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ.
Even she does not allow her husband to spend money on his necessities. ਇੱਥੋਂ ਤੱਕ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਜ਼ਰੂਰਤਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਪੈਸਾ ਖਰਚਣ ਦੀ ਇਜਾਜ਼ਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਦਿੰਦੀ।
This couple have no children as well as no financial responsibility. ਇਸ ਜੋੜੇ ਦੇ ਕੋਈ ਬੱਚੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਕੋਈ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਵੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ। Theme of the story the umbrella summary
Mr. Oreille has to work in the office under pressure from his wife. ਮਿਸਟਰ ਓਰੀਲੇ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੀ ਪਤਨੀ ਦੇ ਦਬਾਅ ਹੇਠ ਦਫਤਰ ਵਿਚ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨਾ ਪੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ।
Mr. Oreille would like to have a better lifestyle because they can afford it. ਮਿਸਟਰ ਓਰੀਲੀ ਇੱਕ ਬਿਹਤਰ ਜੀਵਨ ਸ਼ੈਲੀ ਚਾਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਉਹ ਇਸਨੂੰ ਬਰਦਾਸ਼ਤ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ।
Mrs. Oreille likes to be careful. ਸ਼੍ਰੀਮਤੀ ਓਰੇਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਵਧਾਨ ਰਹਿਣਾ ਪਸੰਦ ਹੈ। Theme of the story the umbrella summary
Rather she warns her husband that it is better to be on the safe side and one never knows what may happen. ਇਸ ਦੀ ਬਜਾਏ ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਚੇਤਾਵਨੀ ਦਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਪਾਸੇ ਰਹਿਣਾ ਬਿਹਤਰ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਕੋਈ ਕਦੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾਣਦਾ ਕਿ ਕੀ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ।
Mr. Oreille carries an old umbrella to his office. ਮਿਸਟਰ ਓਰੇਲ ਆਪਣੇ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਛਤਰੀ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।
His colleagues laugh at his umbrella. ਉਸਦੇ ਸਾਥੀ ਉਸਦੀ ਛੱਤਰੀ ‘ਤੇ ਹੱਸਦੇ ਹਨ। Theme of the story the umbrella summary
Then Mr. Oreille threatens his wife to resign his job. ਫਿਰ ਮਿਸਟਰ ਓਰੀਲੀ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਪਤਨੀ ਨੂੰ ਨੌਕਰੀ ਤੋਂ ਅਸਤੀਫਾ ਦੇਣ ਦੀ ਧਮਕੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ।
Then she buys for him a silk umbrella. ਫਿਰ ਉਹ ਉਸ ਲਈ ਰੇਸ਼ਮ ਦੀ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਖਰੀਦਦੀ ਹੈ।
After some days she found a holes in the new umbrella of silk. ਕੁਝ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਰੇਸ਼ਮ ਦੀ ਨਵੀਂ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਛੇਕ ਮਿਲੇ।
Such loss becomes the reason for the quarrel between the husband and the wife. ਅਜਿਹਾ ਨੁਕਸਾਨ ਪਤੀ-ਪਤਨੀ ਦੇ ਝਗੜੇ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਨ ਬਣ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।
Finally, Mrs. Oreille goes to the office of the insurance company to claim compensation. ਅੰਤ ਵਿੱਚ, ਸ਼੍ਰੀਮਤੀ ਓਰੇਲੀ ਮੁਆਵਜ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਦਾਅਵਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਬੀਮਾ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਦੇ ਦਫ਼ਤਰ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ।
The manager of the insurance company tells her that the umbrella is a petty thing. ਬੀਮਾ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਦਾ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਇੱਕ ਮਾਮੂਲੀ ਚੀਜ਼ ਹੈ।
They don’t give any compensation for such petty things as handkerchiefs, brooms and old slippers. ਉਹ ਰੁਮਾਲ, ਝਾੜੂ ਅਤੇ ਪੁਰਾਣੀਆਂ ਚੱਪਲਾਂ ਵਰਗੀਆਂ ਛੋਟੀਆਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਲਈ ਕੋਈ ਮੁਆਵਜ਼ਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ।
But Mrs. Oreille is not ready to understand the meaning of petty and mean things. ਪਰ ਸ਼੍ਰੀਮਤੀ ਓਰੀਲੀ ਮਾਮੂਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਮਾੜੀਆਂ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਰਥ ਸਮਝਣ ਲਈ ਤਿਆਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ।
However, she persuades the manager to recover the cost of the burnt umbrella from the insurance company. ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ, ਉਹ ਮੈਨੇਜਰ ਨੂੰ ਬੀਮਾ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਤੋਂ ਸੜੀ ਹੋਈ ਛੱਤਰੀ ਦੀ ਕੀਮਤ ਵਸੂਲਣ ਲਈ ਮਨਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ।
However, you can read more questions concerning the umbrella story. Theme of the story the umbrella summary
